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Formation: N / な-adj stem (+ である) + にもかかわらず; V / い-adj plain form + にもかかわらず; sentence-initial: にもかかわらず、〜

〜にもかかわらず says that a result went against what X would lead you to expect. It often carries surprise, admiration or criticism. It is formal and typical of news, essays and speeches, and it can also begin a sentence to mean 'Nevertheless'. The main clause describes a fact, so it cannot be a request, command or statement of the speaker's will. Compare 〜のに, which is conversational and more emotional and can end a sentence as a complaint, and 〜ものの, which is milder. Do not confuse it with 〜にかかわらず (regardless of), which refers to a range of possibilities, not one specific fact.

Variants: にもかかわらず、（接続詞）、にも関わらず

Examples

• 悪天候にもかかわらず、大勢の観客が集まった。
  Despite the bad weather, a large crowd gathered.
• 十分な証拠があるにもかかわらず、彼は罪を認めていない。
  Even though there is ample evidence, he has not admitted guilt.
• 何度も注意したにもかかわらず、同じミスが繰り返された。
  Despite repeated warnings, the same mistake was made again.

In real texts 0 occurrence(s)

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